Can a President Pardon Himself - Constitution and Laws

The question of whether a president can pardon himself arose during the 2016 presidential campaign when critics of Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton suggested she could face criminal prosecution or impeachment over her use of a private email server as secretary of the Department of State if she were to be elected. The topic also surfaced during the tumultuous presidency of Donald Trump, particularly after it was reported that the erratic businessman and former reality-television star and his lawyers  were discussing the president’s authority to grant pardons and that Trump was asking his advisers about his power to pardon aides, family members and even himself. Trump further stoked speculation that he was considering his power to pardon himself amid the ongoing probes over his campaigns connections with Russia when he tweeted all agree the U.S. President has the complete power to pardon.† Whether a president has the power to pardon himself, though, is unclear and the subject of much debate among constitutional scholars. The first thing you should know is this: No president in the history of the United States has ever pardoned himself. The Power to Pardon in the Constitution Presidents are granted the authority to issue pardons in Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution.   The clause reads: The President ... shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. Take note of two key phrases in that clause. The first keyphrase limits the use of pardons for offenses against the United States. The second key phrase states that a president cant issue a pardon in cases of impeachment. Those two caveats in the Constitution place some limitations on the presidents power to pardon. The bottom line is that if a president commits a high crime or misdemeanor and is impeached, he cant pardon himself. He also cannot pardon himself in private civil and state criminal cases. His authority extends only to federal charges. Take note of the word grant. Typically, the word means one person gives something to another. Under that meaning, a president can give someone else a pardon, but not himself. Yes, the President Can Pardon Himself Some scholars argue that the president can pardon himself in some circumstances because - and this is a key point - the Constitution does not explicitly prohibit it. That is considered by some to be the strongest argument that a president has the authority to pardon himself. In 1974, as President Richard M. Nixon was facing certain impeachment, he explored the idea of issuing a pardon to himself and then resigning. Nixons lawyers prepared a memo stating such a move would be legal. The president decided against a pardon, which would have been politically disastrous, but resigned anyway. He was later pardoned by President Gerald Ford. Although I respected the tenet that no man should be above the law, public policy demanded that I put Nixon-and Watergate-behind us as quickly as possible, Ford said. In addition, the U.S Supreme Court has ruled that a president can issue pardon even before charges have been filed. The high court stated that pardon power â€Å"extends to every offense known to the law, and may be exercised at any time after its commission, either before legal proceedings are taken or during their pendency, or after conviction and judgment.† No, the President Cant Pardon Himself Most scholars argue, however, that presidents cannot pardon themselves. More to the point, even if they were, such a move would be incredibly risky and likely to ignite a constitutional crisis in the United States. Jonathan Turley,  a professor of public interest law at George Washington University, wrote in The Washington Post: Such an act would make the White House look like the Bada Bing Club. After a self-pardon, Trump could wipe out the Islamic State, trigger an economic golden age and solve global warming with a carbon-eating border wall — and no one would notice. He would simply go down in history as the man who not only pardoned his family members but himself.​ Michigan State University law professor Brian C. Kalt, writing in his 1997 paper Pardon Me: The Constitutional Case Against Presidential Self-Pardons, stated that a presidential self-pardon would not hold up in court. An attempted self-pardon would likely undermine the publics confidence in the presidency and the Constitution. A potential meltdown of such magnitude would be no time to begin legalistic discussion; the political facts of the moment would distort our considered legal judgment. Looking at the question from a cooler vantage point, the intent of the Framers, the words and themes of the Constitution they created, and the wisdom of the judges that have interpreted it all point to the same conclusion: Presidents cannot pardon themselves. The courts would likely follow the principle  stated by James Madison in the Federalist Papers. No man, Madison wrote, is allowed to be a judge in his own cause, because his interest would certainly bias his judgment, and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity.

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) Essay

Many people remembered that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction. This disorder is one of the most common mental disorders among children. Seen through a child eyes with ADHD is like a fast-moving kaleidoscope, where sounds, images and thoughts are constantly turning. Every person has experienced some of these symptoms once in their life. Just not everyday all day like a person with ADHD. This does not only affect the person with the disorder but the people around them. Whether it is your mom and dad, teacher, friends, or siblings. They need to understand that ADHD is a real disability that effects all aspects of a person’s life. â€Å"Additionally, there are now brain studies†¦show more content†¦Engaging your child in discussions about how he/she feels things are going at home, at school, and with peers can provide you with a great opportunity to learn whether your child is feeling down and discouraged. Talking about such feelings may not solve the problem, but it can help a child to develop more control over any negative feelings. It can also lead to a problem-solving discussion about how to try and help things improve. Children with ADHD have a variety of needs. Some children are too hyperactive or inattentive to function in a regular classroom, even with medication and a behavior management plan. Such children may be placed in a special education class for all or part of the day. In some schools, the special education teacher teams with the classroom teacher to meet each childs unique needs. However, most children are able to stay in the regular classroom. Whenever possible, educators prefer not to segregate children, but to let them learn along with their peers. Children with ADHD often need some special accommodations to help them learn. For example, the teacher may seat the child in an area with few distractions, provide an area where the child can move around and release excess energy, or establish a clearly posted system of rules and reward appropriate behavior. Sometimes just keeping a card or a picture on the desk can serve as a visual reminder to use the right school behavior, like raising aShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1145 Words   |  5 Pages Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? Meghan L. Gonzales National University Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? The medical world has noticed several changes and improvements during the past century, but maybe none that s as economically rewarding afterward the prescription drug business. New medications turn-up regularRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1162 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is ADHD? â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood† (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). ADHD in real terms is the inability to focus. Several people have describe people with ADHD as skirmish, talkative, and have trouble waiting. ADHD has been previously described as ADD (attention deficit disorder) but the only difference is the â€Å"H†. This â€Å"H† describes how this disorder deals with hyperactivityRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons are simple: Kids get bored easily. This, however, is only mostly true. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a disorder that causes a lack of attention in those who have it, including adults. Though it is easily spotted in children due to abundant mounts of energy and a high lack of focus, many adults who have Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder don’t know they have it. Although Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is growing more and more common among teens and children today, throughRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. â€Å"ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.† (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. â€Å"Substance abuse disorder is definedRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )963 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Mizeldrick K. Marshall Holmes Community College Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder most commonly diagnosed in children. Children can be diagnosed as early as the age of 7. Boys and girls can be diagnosed with ADHD but this disorder is seen more in the behavior of boys. Adults can also develop symptoms and be diagnosed as well. It was originally called hyperkineticRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1664 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder of the brain. Textbooks typically depict an individual with ADHD as one who is inattentive, highly distractible, unable to contain stimuli, disorganized and exhibits excessive motor activity (Townsend Morgan, 2017, p. 636). It is easy to define a person by their impulsivity; however, it is difficult to try and understand the reasons behind the behavioral patterns that come along with this disorder. Blake TaylorRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a neuro-behavioral disorder typically seen in children. Over the past several years’ attention-deficit hyperactive disorder seems to be on the rise. Since 2011, eleven percent of children ranging from ages four to seventeen were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (Children with ADHD et. Al. 2016). Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a difficult disorder to diagnosis, but once the disorder is diagnosed there are ways to manageRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )754 Words   |  4 Pageschildren who are hyperactive. In contrast to Goodman and Scott (1997), I believe hyperactivity does not necessarily occur due to lack of control. There may be high volumes of hyperactivity that can be controlled through behaviour management strategies (BMS) such as positive reinforcement, self-awareness procedures, and classroom management. Varma (1993). Schachar (1991) suggests that hyperactivity is not recognised as a diagnosis in itself, but is a fundamental component of several disorders such as AttentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1210 Words   |  5 PagesADD/ADHD, better known as Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, is a growing disorder in children and adults alike in the United States. So many people have this disorder now a days that it isn’t a rare thing for a child to be diagnosed with it. In this paper I will go over the cause of ADD/ ADHD, the details about what it actually is and how it affects people, when you need to have the child checked for this disorder, and the many signs and symptoms of ADD/ ADHD disorderRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )992 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical ordeal. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD is one out of two of the neurobehavioral disorders that inhibits an individual from focusing on one task at a time. According to fusion.nets article What Adderall does to your brain In the US alone roughly 6.4 million kids and 10 million adults suffer from ADHD. Adderall, Concerta, Vyvanse and Ritalin are just a few of the prescription based stimulant amphetamines pharmaceutical companies have made available to help treat ADHD and ADD disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) Essay Running Head: ADHD ON INTELLIGENCE Social and Bio-genetic Influences of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Child Intelligence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has undergone intense research in the past decade. Much of this is rooted in the fact that approximately 5% of children are affected with the disorder. Children with ADHD are identified as having increased behavioral difficulties because of excessive motor activities, poor self regulation and inattentiveness. It has been found that as many as 30% of children inflicted with ADHD have learning disabilities with academic underachievement becoming a failure or bother in the school system. Since these children do not meet the†¦show more content†¦More specifically those with both ADHD and normal to high intelligence are more prone to accidents, and have a smaller number of steady friends. Children who were identified with low intelligence and ADHD were found to have more behavioral and emotional problems in their adolescence. Long term studies have found that the outcome of these children was continued acade mic problems and school failures. However there is suggestion ADHD children show greater artistic ability when writing or drawing slowly and precisely. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Testing the intelligence of ADHD involves a number of measures. Psychoeducational testing is used to assess intellectual ability and to search for learning disabilities. A new intelligence test has been created by Naglieri called the Cognitive Assessment System to help diagnose and measure ADHD intelligence. This test is based on the premise that traditional tests dont measure processes such as planning and attention, which is essential in testing and detecting ADHD students. There is inconsistent data for the use of computerized tests of attention and vigilance for this purpose. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In many cases the effects of ADHD on children’s intelligence is influenced by social factors. For instance studies show that symptoms become worse in situations which are unstructured, minimally supervised, boring, or require sustained attention or mental effort. There is an oppositeShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1145 Words   |  5 Pages Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? Meghan L. Gonzales National University Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? The medical world has noticed several changes and improvements during the past century, but maybe none that s as economically rewarding afterward the prescription drug business. New medications turn-up regularRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1162 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is ADHD? â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood† (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). ADHD in real terms is the inability to focus. Several people have describe people with ADHD as skirmish, talkative, and have trouble waiting. ADHD has been previously described as ADD (attention deficit disorder) but the only difference is the â€Å"H†. This â€Å"H† describes how this disorder deals with hyperactivityRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons are simple: Kids get bored easily. This, however, is only mostly true. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a disorder that causes a lack of attention in those who have it, including adults. Though it is easily spotted in children due to abundant mounts of energy and a high lack of focus, many adults who have Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder don’t know they have it. Although Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is growing more and more common among teens and children today, throughRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. â€Å"ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.† (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. â€Å"Substance abuse disorder is definedRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )963 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Mizeldrick K. Marshall Holmes Community College Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder most commonly diagnosed in children. Children can be diagnosed as early as the age of 7. Boys and girls can be diagnosed with ADHD but this disorder is seen more in the behavior of boys. Adults can also develop symptoms and be diagnosed as well. It was originally called hyperkineticRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1664 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder of the brain. Textbooks typically depict an individual with ADHD as one who is inattentive, highly distractible, unable to contain stimuli, disorganized and exhibits excessive motor activity (Townsend Morgan, 2017, p. 636). It is easy to define a person by their impulsivity; however, it is difficult to try and understand the reasons behind the behavioral patterns that come along with this disorder. Blake TaylorRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a neuro-behavioral disorder typically seen in children. Over the past several years’ attention-deficit hyperactive disorder seems to be on the rise. Since 2011, eleven percent of children ranging from ages four to seventeen were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (Children with ADHD et. Al. 2016). Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a difficult disorder to diagnosis, but once the disorder is diagnosed there are ways to manageRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )754 Words   |  4 Pageschildren who are hyperactive. In contrast to Goodman and Scott (1997), I believe hyperactivity does not necessarily occur due to lack of control. There may be high volumes of hyperactivity that can be controlled through behaviour management strategies (BMS) such as positive reinforcement, self-awareness procedures, and classroom management. Varma (1993). Schachar (1991) suggests that hyperactivity is not recognised as a diagnosis in itself, but is a fundamental component of several disorders such as AttentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1210 Words   |  5 PagesADD/ADHD, better known as Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, is a growing disorder in children and adults alike in the United States. So many people have this disorder now a days that it isn’t a rare thing for a child to be diagnosed with it. In this paper I will go over the cause of ADD/ ADHD, the details about what it actually is and how it affects people, when you need to have the child checked for this disorder, and the many signs and symptoms of ADD/ ADHD disorderRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )992 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical ordeal. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD is one out of two of the neurobehavioral disorders that inhibits an individual from focusing on one task at a time. According to fusion.nets article What Adderall does to your brain In the US alone roughly 6.4 million kids and 10 million adults suffer from ADHD. Adderall, Concerta, Vyvanse and Ritalin are just a few of the prescription based stimulant amphetamines pharmaceutical companies have made available to help treat ADHD and ADD disorders

College Admissions free essay sample

I was at my aunt’s house eating dinner. People were sitting around enjoying their lasagna and talking about the last thing I wanted to hear: college. â€Å"So Meaghan where do you want to go to school,† my Grandma said. â€Å"What do you want to study,† my uncle said. They looked completely baffled when I answered every question with an automatic ‘I don’t know.’ What I don’t understand is how I am supposed to know where I want to go to school and what I want to study; these choices dictate the way my life is going to end up. If I go study journalism at northwestern, then I suppose I have to be journalist. If I go into theater at DePaul then I guess I will probably become an out of work actress. These decisions are important ones, but I feel like I have no guidance. Speaking of guidance, Concord High guidance counselors suck. We will write a custom essay sample on College Admissions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have been guided no where. My guidance counselor (who shall remain nameless, but based on my last name you could figure it out) has taken it upon herself to take numerous days off. Coincidentally these are the days when I am supposed to have my meetings about college. I can picture her at home in her gross house slippers watching Maury, wasting the time I need to plan out the rest of my life. Another thing that ‘busts my chops’ is why do colleges put so much emphases on well roundedness. I get straight a’s, but somehow that’s not good enough because I don’t choose to hit a ball around everyday after school. Due to the fact that I am not athletic, I somehow am not appealing to college even though I could offer a lot to the classroom experience. I would like to offer a nice and well thought out ‘f*** you’ to all of the admissions boards at every college ever, due to the fact that they are stressing me out too much. Colleges make it almost impossible to be personable through the SAT scores, number grades, and 500 word essays that are usually the cheesiest things ever written. Maybe they should come up with a better way of getting to know someone. And I am not suggesting an uptight interview where people don’t feel free to be themselves. Finally, I simply wish that the rest of my life wasn’t so dependent on the choices I make in the near future. It is too much pressure. In fact, at this very moment I have a migraine just thinking about it.