Awareness of k+12 Essay Example for Free

Awareness of k+12 Essay Rationale â€Å"Change is avalanching down upon our land and most people are utterly unprepared to cope with it†, states Alvin Toffler. In most countries today, changes are happening so fast that we are at times unable to preserve relevant cultural aspects and values. In the field of curriculum, change is and will continue to be, the factor for any educational undertaking. (Bauzon, 2002) In the new century, the educational environment is rapidly changing and the roles and responsibilities of the teacher s become demanding in the most part of the world. In our country today, the curriculum of our educational system has been revised to meet its demands. According to President Benigno S. Aquino, â€Å"We need to add two years to our basic education. Those who can afford pay up to fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding† (www. google. com ). According to the K to 12 Deped Primer (2011), â€Å"K-12 means â€Å"Kindergarten and the 12 years of elementary and secondary education. † Kindergarten points to the 5-year old child who undertakes the standardized curriculum for preschoolers. Elementary education refers to 6 years of primary school (Grades 1-6) while secondary education means four years of junior high school (Grades 7-10 or HS Year 1-4). In addition to this, two years are now allotted for senior high school (Grades 11-12 or HS Year 5-6). Furthermore, the short duration of our basic education program puts Filipinos who are interested to either work or study abroad at a disadvantage. This is because other countries see our 10-year program as incomplete, which then, causes Filipino graduates to not be considered as professionals abroad. The first teacher of the children are their parents. They have a great role in the development of the young. They become part of the environment of learning at home. They follow-up the lessons of their children especially in the basic education. They sent their children to school to be taught, to be trained and to gain knowledge. Parents are supporters of the curriculum. They would like to get the best of his/her investment in education. They are willing to pay the cost of educating their child for as long as their children get the best learning or schooling experiences. They aims to have a children that has a bright future and a changed individual who is easily adjusted to his fast changing world. (Bilbao, p. 80) This study finds it important to research about the awareness of the k+12 curriculum in the parents of the grade 7 students. The parents of the Grade 7students ofCantilan National High School, Madrid National High School – Union Annex, and Surigao Del Sur State University Cantilan Laboratory High School are the respondents of this research. The programs offered by the University are on Level 1 and 2 and it is accredited by the AACUP. In as much as the data that will be gathered in this study will be very helpful to the curriculum experts, managers and administrators who play an important role in shaping the school curriculum and who are responsible in the formulation of the philosophy, vision, mission, and objectives. The result of this study could provide the needed information in formulating possible solutions for reactions of the parents of the grade 7 students of the CNHS, MNHS-Union Annex and SDSSU Cantilan Laboratory High School. Conceptual Framework As shown in figure 1, the first box contains all about the k+12 curriculum and level of awareness of the parents of the Grade 7 students about it. The middle box contains the independent variables which are the parents of the Grade 7 students of the CNHS, MNHS-Union Annex, and SDSSU Laboratory High School. The interaction of the independent and dependent variables is now the awareness of k+12 program in the parents of Grade 7. This is shown in box 3, the output of the study. INPUTTHROUGH PUTOUTPUT FIGURE 1. Schematic Diagram of the Research Paradigm Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the awareness of k+12 curriculum among the parents of grade 7 students. This aims further how the k+12 curriculum affects the strategies of the teachers and what are the adjustment to prioritize. The main problem seeks to answer the following subsidiary problems. 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents? 1. 1. Age 1. 2. Sex 1. 3. Educational attainment 2. What is the extent of awareness of parents to the k+12 curriculum in terms of the following indicators? 2. 1. Features of the k+12 curriculum 2. 2. Assessment of the k+12 curriculum 2. 3. Advantage/benefits of the k+12 curriculum to the students 3. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the respondents and the extent of awareness in the K+12 program in terms of : 3. 1. Features of the k+12 curriculum 3. 2. Assessment of the k+12 curriculum 3. 3. Advantage/benefits of the k+12 curriculum to the students Hypothesis: This study will test the null hypotheses at 0. 05 level of significance. Ho: there is no significant relationship between the socio demographic profile of the respondents and the extent of awareness of the k+12 curriculum. Significance Of The Study This study will benefit the following: Parents —The result of this study helps the parents of the grade 7 students to accept the changes in our educational system today and one of these changes is the k+12 program. Future Researchers—The result of this study will serve as their guide and help them to collect new ideas and information’s, if their study is interrelated with this study. The authors wrote simple words in every section of this book for the readers to understand easily. Scope and Limitations of the Study This study will cover the following limitations: Respondents. Parents of Grade 7 students in Cantilan National High School (CNHS), Madrid National High School-Union Annex and (SDSSU) Surigao del Sur State University-Laboratory High School. Location. The venue of the study is the Cantilan National High School (CNHS), Madrid National High School-Union Annex and (SDSSU) Surigao del Sur State University-Laboratory High School. Time Frame. The time frame within which the study will be conducted is during the school year 2012-2013. Definition of Terms Curriculum. Is a plan for what is to be taught in schools. Curriculum studies are a field of inquiry into how schools programs are developed, implemented, and evaluated. K-12 Curriculum. The program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for the graduates to be easily employed. It also aims to meet standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE To give depth and meaning of the study at hand some related literature and studies taken from articles, books, magazines and periodicals, from different studies and papers read which have bearing on the study conducted and discussed. Related Literature Clearly our country’s ability to provide quality education for its people is hinged to its survival as well as its ability to compete in the global market and be a meaningful partner in the world affairs. (Philippine yearbook, 2003). Though our government created ways and means in order to uplift the quality education that we have, but still it is really a dilemma for every Filipino that our educational system is declining. With this, lots of changes went through, and the teachers as well as the learners are the primary concern of this. The gradual change in curriculum is one of the means to eradicate this decline. As Smithers (2003) said that, â€Å"it has been in contention that teachers should play a more pivotal role in all phases of curriculum-making from initial planning through development try-out, installation, evaluation and revision. More and more classroom teachers are being tapped to serve in school curriculum committees and task force. A perplexed teacher once observed that the curriculum is like a maze in his words â€Å"a complex situation involving a multiplicity of considerations that require profound study†. It is our contention that it is need not to be so stripped to its base essentials, curriculum making is surprisingly simple. (Bruner,2002) According To Bauzon (2002), â€Å"the aspirations of any ideals of any society serve as determinants of the educational system. The aspiration rises only to the level of its people’s aspirations. The most essential instrument in nation building which is education distills the goals in the society. In the school setting, each child learns much more than he is taught as part of the curriculum. Not all learning is the result of the planned experiences in the school. The curriculum of the school includes those experiences for which the school accepts responsibility. These curricular experiences are organized and promoted in order to acceptable objectives and needs of children may be responded adequately. They are planned sequentially so that many learners needs social, spiritual, emotional, intellectual and physical will be prepared. The viable curriculum is based on the recognition that maturation factors and experiential background conditions readiness to learn. Thus, the teacher provides new advices prior to the child’s level of development. (Gronlund,2004). Jerome Bruner emphasizes that here must be an emphasis upon reducing a subject to its fundamental ideas or structure. To grasp the structure of a subject, he argues, one must understand the relationship between facts and ideas which constitute the subject. Structure is important in teaching a subject because it permits a â€Å"massive general transfer† of learning. In short, it allows one to â€Å"learn how to learn†. Related Studies The department of education’s k to 12 program is one concrete response to reverse this steady decline and to move toward its goal of long-term educational reform and sustainable economic growth. The central feature of the k to 12 program is the upgrading of the basic education curriculum to ensure that learners acquire the relevant knowledge and skills they will need to become productive members of society. It seeks to introduce relevant skills development courses and special interest subjects that will suit the personality, strengths and career direction of each learner. (http://www. gov. ph/k+12) In the report of EFA(2002),†As early1925, studies have observed the in adequacy of the basic education curriculum. As one of the most well studied reforms, recommendations of either adding or restoring the grade or adding an extra year to basic education have been put forward. According to the different survey of the curriculum: Monroe survey (1925): secondary education did not prepare for life and recommended training in agriculture, commerce, and industry. Prosser survey (1930): recommended to improve phases of vocational education such as 7thgrade shop work, provincial schools, and practical arts training in the regular high schools, home economics, placement work, gardening, and agricultural education. UNESCO mission survey (1949): recommended the restoration of grade. Education act. Of 1953: under section3, mandates thatâ€Å"[t]he primary course shall be composed off our grades (grades I to IV) and the intermediate course of three grades (grade VTOVII). † Swanson Survey (1960):recommendedtherestorationofgrade7. Presidential Commission To Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE) (1970): high priority be given to the implementation of an11-year program; Recommended program consists of 6 years of compulsory elementary education and 5years of secondary education In one study conducted on the influence of standards on thek+12 teaching and student learning, teachers described in this research were actively pursuing alignment between the content they were teaching (at classroom level, we refer to this as â€Å" teaching curriculum† and the content measured by the various state test. (The Freeman Foundation2006). Based on the k-12 educators study tourprograms funded by theFreeman foundation the overseas programs of the Asian Studies Outreach Program (ASOP) is one element of amulti-pronged, statewide approach to introduce Asian studies in every Vermont school and buildthe leadership needed to support this goal. The overseas program for teachers, the equivalent of a three-hour graduate level course, places a heavy emphasis on content relevant to both the travelexperience and teachers’ curriculum. The program aims to: †¢ increase teachers’ awareness/cultural sensitivity and teachers’ comfort level in teaching about Asia through direct experiences with Asian people, history, and culture; †¢ enhance the quality of teachers’ classroom instruction through increased knowledge ofAsia; †¢ encourage curriculum revision to build a sustained cross-discipline presence for Asia in grades K-12; and †¢ build the capacity of teachers to lead the efforts to include Asia in the curriculum. In selecting participants, ASOP considers areas of the state where participation in the overseas program could introduce or strengthen Asian studies. In addition, ASOP looks at the level ofadministrative commitment and the availability of teams of teachers from a school or district. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This study will use the descriptive survey method appropriate for profiling the variables of this research. Research Environment As one of the municipalities of Surigao Del Sur, Cantilan is located in the Northeastern area of Mindanao and part of the CARAGA region. it has a qite large and plain are about 10,575 sq. km. facing the pacific ocean on theeasternpart. almost40,000 people comprises the 17 barangays in which the livelihood is mostly derived from agriculture, aquaculture and income of the professionals . as theoldesttownintheprovince of surigao del sur it is the cradle of all the five municipalities. Being centered in education, Cantilan has a lot of schools to be proud of. Among of this are the Madrid National High School-Union Annex,Surigao Del Sur State University and Cantilan National High School. Although Sdssu-Cantilan concentrate for the tertiary education yet it offers a secondary in which they called as the laboratory high school with its limits to100students as of scoolyear2012-2013. on the other hand,thecantialn national high school offers 3 curriculum the ESEP,SPA,and RBEC with 2000 students as its latest enrollees . as an institution of higher learning ,both the schools are known in uplifting a quality education and promoting the growth and development of the students inconsonance with the national development towards quality education. Fig. 2 presents the map of Surigaodel Sur where Municipality of Cantilan is located. Research Design This is a descriptive evaluative or assessment study appropriate for profiling the variables of research which intends to know the level of awareness among parents of the Grade -7 students under K-12 program of Madrid National High School- Union Annex, Cantilan National High School, and Surigao Del Sur State University- Laboratory High School. The data that to be gathered will be recorded, organized, and interrupted in view of the objectives set in the study. Research Respondent This study is confined to all the parents of grade-7 students in Madrid National High School- Union Annex, Surigao del Sur State University-Laboratory High School and Cantilan National High School in the school year 2012-2013. Table 1. Distribution Of The Respondents School Number of grade 7 parents/guardians Number of respondents MNHS-UA 23 11 SDSSU-Lab. H. S. 24 12 CNHS 40 20 TOTAL 87 43 Research Instruments A self made questionnaire is purposely made for the study. It contains two parts. The first part contains the Profile of the parents. These include the name, age, educational attainment, occupation, and monthly income. The second part contains the different questions with regards to the k+12 program. Research Procedures Gathering of Data. The questionnaires will be given to the parents of the Grade 7 students of Madrid National High School- Union Annex, Cantilan National High School, and Surigao Del Sur State University. Statistical Treatment. The following formulas will be used in this study: 1. Weighted Mean This is used to determine the Socio-Demographic Profile of the parents interms of age, educational attainment and occupation. Likewise, weighted mean is to be applied to determine the acceptability of the k+12 program among the parents of the Grade 7 students of Madrid National High School- Union Annex, Cantilan National High School, and Surigao Del Sur State University. 2. Simple Percentage Computation This is used to determine the percentage of the respondents. 3. Pearson Chi-Square This is used to determine if there is a significant relationship of the respondent’s socio-demographic profile and the extent of awareness of the k+12 curriculum. CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data gathered from the questionnaire to the concerned respondents. This chapter shows the significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the respondents and the extent of awareness of the k-12 curriculum. Relationship Between The Socio-Demographic Profile Of The Respondents And The Extent Of Awareness Of The K-12 Curriculum This section analyzes the result of the respondents’ socio-demographic profile and the extent of awareness of the k-12 curriculum. TABLE 2:Relationship of Respondent’s Age and Extent of Awareness in Terms of the Features of the K+12 Curriculum Features of the curriculum X2 a. The number of years in the basic education is increased up to 13 years including Kindergarten. 12. 481 b. The students will graduate twice because they will earn two certificates: one for completion of the DepEd subjects at Grade 10 and the other for finishing the technical skills subjects integrated into the curriculum. 14. 336 c. New subjects taken by your student Agrarian Reform, Family Planning, NSTP, Philippine Constitution, Physical Educ. , Population Educ. , Rizal and Taxation. 8. 568 d. There are specializations in Science and Technology, Music and Arts, Agriculture and Fisheries, Sports, Business and Entrepreneurship. 8. 881 e. Opportunity to take courses like Internet and Computing Fundamentals, Technical Drawing, Home Management/ Housekeeping, Cooking/ Food Processing, Electrical Installation and Maintenance, Dress Making/Tailoring, Carpentry, Crop Production, Animal Production and Care giving. 6. 790 f. Mother tongue is used as a medium of instruction for Grades 1 to 3. 7. 830 g. Strong collaboration of CHED, TESDA and DOLE in training the Senior High School students. 6. 567 MEAN 9. 3504 X2; DF= 6 12. 592 The table shows the computed X2 in every features of k-12 curriculum in terms of age. The degrees of freedom is 6 and the mean of the computed X2 is 9. 3504, since the mean computed value is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ age is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+ 12 curriculum. TABLE 3:Relationship of Respondent’s Age and Extent of Awareness in Terms of the Assessment of the Curriculum The table shows the computed X2 in every parts of the assessment of the curriculum in terms of age. The degrees of freedom is 6 and the mean of computed X2 is 9. 7606, since the mean computed value is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ age is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the k+ 12 curriculum. TABLE 4:Relationship of Respondent’s Age and Extent of Awareness in Terms of the Advantages/Benefits of the K+12 Curriculum to the Students The table shows the computed X2 in every advantages to the students in terms of age. The degrees of freedom is 6 and the mean of computed X2 is 8. 6699, since the mean computed value is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ age is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/ benefits of the k+ 12 curriculum to the students. TABLE 5: Relationship of respondent’s sex and extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+12 curriculum Features of the curriculum X2 a. The number of years in the basic education is increased up to 13 years including Kindergarten. 5. 239 b. The students will graduate twice because they will earn two certificates: one for completion of the DepEd subjects at Grade 10 and the other for finishing the technical skills subjects integrated into the curriculum. 4. 143 c. New subjects taken by your student Agrarian Reform, Family Planning, NSTP, Philippine Constitution, Physical Educ. , Population Educ. , Rizal and Taxation. 6. 131 d. There are specializations in Science and Technology, Music and Arts, Agriculture and Fisheries, Sports, Business and Entrepreneurship. 1. 325 e. Opportunity to take courses like Internet and Computing Fundamentals, Technical Drawing, Home Management/ Housekeeping, Cooking/ Food Processing, Electrical Installation and Maintenance, Dress Making/Tailoring, Carpentry, Crop Production, Animal Production and Care giving. 2. 168 f. Mother tongue is used as a medium of instruction for Grades 1 to 3. 3. 503 g. Strong collaboration of CHED, TESDA and DOLE in training the Senior High School students. 1. 946 MEAN 3. 4936 X2; df= 2 5. 991 The table shows the computed X2 in every features of the curriculum in terms of sex. The degrees of freedom is 2 and the mean of computed X2 is 3. 4936, since the mean computed value is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ sex is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+ 12 curriculum. TABLE 6:Relationship of respondent’s sex and extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the curriculum Assessment Of The Curriculum X2 a. Focused on the learner’s acquisition of effective communication, information, media and technology, learning and innovations kills, and life and career skills. 0. 157 b. Has balanced assessment program. 5. 454 c. Promotion and retention of the students shall be by subject. 0. 530 d. Honor students shall be drawn from among those who performed at the ADVANCED LEVEL. 0. 293 e. The performance of students shall be described in the report card based on the following levels of proficiency: B, D, AP, P, A not their equivalent numerical values. 3. 345 MEAN 1. 9558 X2; df= 2 5. 991 The table shows the computed X2 in every assessment of the curriculum in terms of sex. The degrees of freedom is 2 and the mean of computed X2 is 1. 9558, since the mean computed value is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ sex is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the k+ 12 curriculum. TABLE 7:Relationship of respondent’s sex and extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/benefits of the k+12 curriculum to the students The table shows the computed X2 in every advantages to the students in terms of sex. The degrees of freedom is 2 and the mean of the computed X2 is 7. 0027, since the mean computed value is greater than the x2at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ sex is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/benefits of the k+ 12 curriculum to the students. TABLE 8: Relationship of Respondent’s Educational Attainment and Extent of Awareness in Terms of the Features of the K+12 Curriculum Features of the curriculum X2 a. The number of years in the basic education is increased up to 13 years including Kindergarten. 27. 967 b. The students will graduate twice because they will earn two certificates: one for completion of the DepEd subjects at Grade 10 and the other for finishing the technical skills subjects integrated into the curriculum. 38. 701 c. New subjects taken by your student Agrarian Reform, Family Planning, NSTP, Philippine Constitution, Physical Educ. , Population Educ. , Rizal and Taxation. 26. 768 d. There are specializations in Science and Technology, Music and Arts, Agriculture and Fisheries, Sports, Business and Entrepreneurship. 17. 201 e. Opportunity to take courses like Internet and Computing Fundamentals, Technical Drawing, Home Management/ Housekeeping, Cooking/ Food Processing, Electrical Installation and Maintenance, Dress Making/Tailoring, Carpentry, Crop Production, Animal Production and Care giving. 26. 446 f. Mother tongue is used as a medium of instruction for Grades 1 to 3. 16. 845 g. Strong collaboration of CHED, TESDA and DOLE in training the Senior High School students. 24. 094 MEAN 25. 4317 X2; DF= 8 15. 507 The table shows the computed X2 in every features of the curriculum in terms of educational attainment. The degrees of freedom is 8 and the mean of computed X2 is 25. 4317, since the mean computed value is greater than x2 at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ educational attainment is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+ 12 curriculum. TABLE 9:Relationship Of Respondent’s Educational Attainment And Extent Of Awareness In Terms Of The Assessment Of The Curriculum Assessment Of The Curriculum X2 a. Focused on the learner’s acquisition of effective communication, information, media and technology, learning and innovations kills, and life and career skills. 28. 956 b. Has balanced assessment program. 28. 448 c. Promotion and retention of the students shall be by subject. 8. 995 d. Honor students shall be drawn from among those who performed at the ADVANCED LEVEL. 23. 507 e. The performance of students shall be described in the report card based on the following levels of proficiency: B, D, AP, P, A not their equivalent numerical values. 19. 981 MEAN 21. 9774 X2; df= 8 15. 507 The table shows the computed X2 in every assessment in the curriculum in terms of educational attainment. The degrees of freedom is 8 and the mean of computed X2 is 21. 9772, since the mean computed value is greater than x2 at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ educational attainment is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the k+ 12 curriculum. TABLE 10: Relationship Of Respondent’s Educational Attainment And Extent Of Awareness In Terms of the Advantages/Benefits Of The K+12 Curriculum To The Students Advantages/Benefits Of The K+12 Curriculum To The Students X2 a. More emotionally mature, socially aware and Pro-active. 18. 995 b. Acquire mastery of basic competencies. 25. 042 c. Be legally employable with potential for better earnings. 21. 290 d. Students will possess competencies and skills relevant to the job market 13. 974 e. Be globally competitive. 20. 517 f. Every graduate of the enhanced K+12 Basic Education program will be empowered to learn through the program that is rooted on sound educational principles and geared towards excellence and the foundations for learning throughout life. 49. 488 g. Students will be able to prepare their own business for their future. 40. 415 h. Senior High School students will be given an opportunity to do OJT (On the Job Training), internship or apprenticeship 23. 504 i. After graduating Senior High School, graduates will be able to work immediately, even before or without seeking college degree because students will have not only a high school diploma needed for further studies, but also 1 or more certificates needed for immediate employment. 24. 652 MEAN 26. 4308 X2; DF= 8 15. 507 The table shows the computed X2 in every advantages to the students in terms of educational attainment. The degrees of freedom is 8 and the mean of computed X2 is 26. 4308, since the mean computed value is greater than x2 at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ educational attainment is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/benefits of the k+ 12 curriculum to the students. CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter presents the summary of the entire study that serve as the basis for conclusions and recommendations. This includes the statement of the problem, findings, conclusions and some recommendations of the study. SUMMARY This research study seek to find the level of awareness of the k+12 curriculum among the parents of the grade 7 students in CNHS, SDSSU-H. S LAB. , MNHS-UA. The respondents of the study were the parents of the grade 7 students in CNHS, SDSSU-H. S LAB. , MNHS-UA. The researchers limit their respondents to 50% of the population from each school. The study made use of the survey method which was appropriate for the profiling and gathering of data. Moreover, the data were interpreted using the mean, simple percentage computation and the Pearson chi-squared test. Findings Based on the analysis of the gathered data, the different findings in this research study are summarized as follows: 1. The relationship of respondent’s age and extent of awareness in terms of the features ofthe k+12 curriculum, since the mean computed value which is 9. 3504 lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ age is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+ 12 curriculum. 2. The relationship of respondent’s age and extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the curriculum, since the mean computed value, 9. 7606, is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ age is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the k+ 12 curriculum. 3. The relationship of respondent’s age and extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/benefits of the k+12 curriculum to the students, since the mean computed value,8. 6699, is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ age is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/ benefits of the k+ 12 curriculum to the students. 4. The relationship of respondent’s sex and extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+12 curriculum, since the mean computed value,3. 4936, is lesser than x2 at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ sex is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+ 12 curriculum. 5. The relationship of respondent’s sex and extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the curriculum, since the mean computed value,1. 9558, is lesser than x2at 5%, there is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ sex is independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the k+ 12 curriculum. 6. The relationship of respondent’s sex and extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/benefits of the k+12 curriculum to the students, since the mean computed value,7. 0027, is greater than the x2at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ sex is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the advantages/benefits of the k+ 12 curriculum to the students. 7. The relationship of respondent’s educational attainment and extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+12 curriculum, since the mean computed value,25. 4317, is greater than x2 at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ educational attainment is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the features of the k+ 12 curriculum. 8. The relationship of respondent’s educational attainment and extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the curriculum, since the mean computed value,21. 9774, is greater than x2 at 5%, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the respondents’ educational attainment is not independent with the extent of awareness in terms of the assessment of the k+ 12 curriculum. 9. The relationship of respondent’s educational attainment and extent of aware

Evaluation of Indias Online Travel Industry

Evaluation of Indias Online Travel Industry MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS PROJECT: ONLINE TRAVEL INDUSTRY GROUP MEMBERS: Nikita Goenka (PGP30324) Padmaja Agnihotri (PGP30316) Sandeep Kumar (ABM11034) Ravali Malka (PGP30317) Vishwas Nandan (PGP 30353) Saurav Kumar (PGP30340) Rohan Kokane (PGP30336) BACKGROUND India is a country with vast demography and a wide spectrum of opportunities. Better job avenues have gifted the youth with greater discretionary power. Rising use of internet plastic money has made the field of e-commerce an exponentially growing field in recent times. Why E-Travel as a subject of research? E-travel in India has a lion’s share in the Indian E-commerce contributing to a whopping 82% to the entire market share in the year 2013 (Graph 1). Also, E-travel exhibited a marvelous annual growth of 53% in 2013 over 2012. This is further complemented by the fact that the Indian tourism industry is the 2nd fastest growing in the world. The present paper aims at unravelling various facets of this booming industry and studying its position in the private sector, especially e-commerce industry. Other merits: Online travel demands least capital infrastructure costs Quick delivery of services enhances consumer satisfaction EVOLUTION Based on the single idea of easing travelling in India, online travel services started around a decade ago. Booming of IT sector in India was one of the major factors stimulating online travel. Online travelling segment constitutes around 70% 80% ($25 billion) of all e-commerce activities and has been a major driver of the industry. Key schemes and policies implemented by e-commerce industry can be considered as major factor for success of the segment. Exhaustive assistance, user friendly websites, customer grievance redress are the major attractions prevailing in the segment. Makemytrip, Yatra.com, Redbus are some websites which have seen rocketed growth as presented in Graph 2 and Graph 3. PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Price Elasticity is defined as percentage change in demand due to one percent change in price. Online travel industry faces more level of price sensitivity than traditional channels, majorly because of ease of access to- PRODUCT INFORMATION PRICE INFORMATION CHANNEL SELECTION FORWARD LINKAGES: Nowadays Travel industry is not restricted to its conventional travel business only. It has extended to forward linkages like bus tickets, travel insurance firm hotels. Share of each linkage has been presented in Graph 4 Regulations Introduced by the government and its impact: The regulatory norms laid down by the government of India are aimed at promoting growth of the market which have effect on the online travel industry. With the customers slowly moving from traditional ways of booking to online, these norms have greatly influenced the growth of online travel industry. A few regulatory norms laid are as follows: COST STRUCTURE: The cost structure of online travel can be analysed in two ways: Traditional costing analysis through study of the PL statement ABC (activity based costing ) by analyzing the cost driver for each specific segment The following sections explains both the above stated viewpoints: Traditional costing analysis: The income statements of various big players of the online travel industry are available for study. One such player is Makemytrip.com, a leading firm in online travel. Graph 5 summarizes the various expenses of Makemytrip for 4 consecutive years in descending order. Activities of online travel: The various activities of online travel have been are categorized as: Core Activities and Support Activities The activities are studied considering their respective drivers in terms of the resources allotted and other factors such as time and space devoted etc. PRODUCTION STRUCTURE Online travel industry offers services to its customers as a product. There are various types of services which online travel industry offers:- Core services Air, Rail and hotel advance bookings and ticketing Discount fares program Event management service Value added services Tracking of journey 24 hours emergency service Ticket approval using email system Insurance Graph 6: Traffic generated from mobile devices. Graph 7: Reach of travel portals (India and Global) Graph 8: Profit Margin by segments PRODUCTION FUNCTION A production function gives relationship between inputs (capital, labour and other factors) and outputs (goods and services). Online travel agency have high initial and fixed cost which it makes as less labour intensive sector. U= U (P, Y) Y= F (K, L) Where U = utility function of cost (P) and trips (Y) F = Production function of capital (K) (travel agencies) In short run, if labour is increased, the performance and maintenance of the online portal will be improvised. So this in-turn might increase number of trips for some time period then falls as online travel agency is more technology based and improving labour doesn’t increase much of output. In long run, an improvement in the state of technology shifts the production function up, leading to an increase in output per worker for a given level of capital per worker. The higher the technology, higher Y for a given K and L. An improvement in the state of technology shifts the production function up, leading to an increase in output per worker for a given level of capital per worker COST FUNCTION Cost function is effect of level of production on the cost which the firm is incurring. Since in online travel industry we don’t have any such physical product, we can relate the level of production with the sales generated by company. Cost analysis for Thomas Cook has been done in Table 1 and Graph 9. TABLE – 1: Thomas Cook- Average and Marginal cost of the service delivered Year Sales (INR in mn) Total Cost (INR in mn) AC MC 2010 3455 3086 0.8932 2011 4017 3094 0.7703 0.01 2012 4386 3300 0.7524 0.557 2013 13031 10269 0.7881 0.80 Source: www.securities.com/emis/ Industry- Online travel Graph 9: Cost analysis for Thomas Cook (All money figures are in INR million) Inferences: The data given in Table 1 shows the average and marginal cost of the service delivered. From graph 9 we can see that the average cost reaches a minimum value of 0.45 at a sales value of INR 8700mn approximately. As the scale of operations of Thomas Cook went up beyond this point the average cost also increased. Clearly it is evident that the company isn’t operating at its minimum cost point. Due to sudden increase in scale of operations, the company might not have optimized its value chain. REGRESSION ANALYSIS IRCTC E-ticket booking: IRCTC started its e-ticket booking facility from 2005 August. By that time there was already i-ticket booking in IRCTC where tickets will be delivered through courier to the house after booking through internet. Once IRCTC launched E-ticket booking, the sales through I-ticketing started declining and this new facility increasing sales of IRCTC. Number of people using internet in 2012 is 11.4% of total population as compared to 4.5% of total population in 2005. This rapid growth in internet users resulted in increment of number of tickets booked through IRCTC. Graph 10: Regression Analysis for IRCTC E-ticket booking Inferences: In 2005, internet Company Sify had announced its tie up with Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) to make online railway ticketing service available at over 3,400 iWay cybercafà ©s across 154 cities, on cash payments. In 2008, With 8 lacs tickets sold every day on its website, IRCTC had announced its expansion policy to give services and sell airline tickets. With overall increase in train travel quality and increase in train travelling, e-tickets are in demand. PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS: MAKE MY TRIP www.moneycontrol.com Year Revenue Total Cost Profit 2011 $124,721.00 $119,891.00 $4,830.00 2012 $196,599.00 $189,951.00 $7,048.00 2013 $228,822.00 $256,411.00 ($27,589.00) 2014 $255,375.00 $276,281.00 ($20,906.00) Graph 11 Inferences: Based on the above analysis MakeMyTrip has achieved its break-even point somewhere in between 2012 and 2013. After that point it has been experiencing losses. PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS THOMAS COOK www.moneycontrol.com Year Revenue(In Cr.) Total Cost(In Cr.) Profit(In Cr.) 2009 242.00 184.00 58.00 2010 282.00 193.00 89.00 2011 340.00 232.00 108.00 2012 386.00 270.00 116.00 2013 383.00 267.00 116.00 Graph 12 Inferences: From above graph, Thomas cook has passed its break-even point and has been experiencing profits for last 5 years. APPENDIX Graph 1: E commerce Market share Graph 2: Growth trend in the online travel market Graph 3: Percentage of online users Graph 4: E commerce market share (including the forward linkages) Graph 5: Summary of expenses of Makemytrip for 4 consecutive years in descending order: Source : http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/mmyt/financials?query=income-statement Graph 6: Traffic generated from mobile devices Graph 7: Reach of travel portals Segment % age Air Travel 7 Train Travel 5 Bus Travel 12 Car Rentals 15 Hotels tours and Packages 20 Graph 8: Profit Margin by segments 2013 Source: E Y

The Functions Of A Hospitality Manager

The Functions Of A Hospitality Manager The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources. The hospitality industry covers a wide range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The hospitality industry is divided into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, gaming, entertainment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor information. Hospitality is the relationship between guest and host, or the act or practice of being hospitable. Specifically, this includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers, resorts, membership clubs, conventions, attractions, special events, and other services for travelers and tourists. A managers primary challenge is to solve problems creatively. While drawing from a variety of academic disciplines, and to help managers respond to the challenge of creative problem solving, principles of management have long been categorized into the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the P-O-L-C framework). The four functions, summarized in the P-O-L-C figure, are actually highly integrated when carried out in the day-to-day realities of running an organization. Therefore, you should not get caught up in trying to analyze and understand a complete, clear rationale for categorizing skills and practices that compose the whole of the P-O-L-C framework. It is important to note that this framework is not without criticism. Specifically, these criticisms stem from the observation that the P-O-L-C functions might be ideal but that they do not accurately depict the day-to-day actions of actual managers. The typical day in the life of a manager at any level can be fragmented and hectic; with the constant threat of having priorities dictated by the law of the trivial many and important few. However, the general conclusion seems to be that the P-O-L-C functions of management still provide a very useful way of classifying the activities managers engage in as they attempt to achieve organizational goals. ? Hospitality organization Front desk manager (General Manager ? Front desk manager ? Front desk staff) Function: ? Create and produce reports as required. ? Coordinate schedules, payroll and expenses to meet or fall below budget. ? Participates in property initiatives. ? Ensure that guest data and management reporting is processed efficiently and accurately while maintaining proper security standards. ? Ensure that all accounting transaction and cash handling procedures are in compliance. ? Relive front office departments for breaks/lunches. ? Conduct regular monthly meetings with members of the Front Office and Communication Team to address current initiatives, projects and long term goals. ? Pro actively identify potential guest issues. ? Assist housekeeping in day-to-day activities. ? Recruit, hire, train and retain associates for all supervised departments. ? Develop monthly training items to foster development and cross training with other departments. ? Perform associate evaluations, provide coaching and development. ? Monitor guest satisfaction processes, and respond to guest concerns, and inquiries. Housekeeping manager (General Manager ? housekeeping manager? housekeeping staff) Function: ? Manage the day-to-day activities of the housekeeping department. ? Plan, schedule, and organize work to ensure proper coverage. ? Communicate and enforce policies and procedures. ? Ensure all staff are properly trained and have the tools and equipment needed to effectively carry out their respective job duties. ? Develop and implement procedures for managing quality of housekeeping and laundry services. ? Control expenses within all areas of housekeeping. ? Participate in the preparation of the annual departmental operating budget and financial plans which support the overall objectives of the hotel. ? Conduct pre-shift meeting and review all information pertinent to the days activities. ? Establish par levels for supplies and equipment. ? Replenish shortages and other business supplies for daily business. ? Promote teamwork and quality service through daily communication and coordination with other departments. ? Assist with deep cleaning projects and assist housekeeping staff during unanticipated rush periods. Food and Beverage manager (General Manager ? FNB manager ? FNB staff) Function: ? Check that sufficient table linen, food and sundry items have been requisitioned for service periods and that buffer stocks are maintained. ? Allocate jobs and stations, monitoring the completion of tasks before, during and following service periods. ? Ensure the restaurant is cleaned and fully prepared ready for service checking table layouts, sideboards, buffets, special displays etc. ? Check buffet food levels are maintained during service, according to customer demand. ? Greet, seat, take orders, assist guests with food and wine selection. Check customer satisfaction during service. ? Liaise with the kitchen, for menu content, special customer requests, queries and complaints/compliments. ? Promote the menu and special offers. ? Ensure all post-service tasks are completed (e.g. unused foods/dishes/drinks are returned to kitchen, bar or cellar). ? Assist with planning and organizing of special functions/seasonal events/projects. ? Complete required administrative functions (e.g. customer bills, reports, time sheets) and assist with annual budget preparation. ? Ensure effective security of keys and property company, guest and personal. ? Deal with lost property. ? Challenge and report any person acting suspiciously. ? Display and encourage a high level of personal hygiene, customer care courtesy and social skill. ? Assist guests and promote the hotels other facilities and services. ? Function of the hospitality manager Then term management refers to the process of ensuring employees work together efficiently and effectively to achieve the goals set by the organization in which they work. Managing physical and human resources to achieve an organizations customer service goals requires managers to be able to effectively plan, organize, lead and control. Four function of the hospitality manager: (POIC) Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Planning Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. Planning requires that managers be aware of environmental conditions facing their organization and forecast future conditions. It also requires that managers be good decision makers. Planning is a process consisting of several steps. The process begins with environmental scanning which simply means that planners must be aware of the critical contingencies facing their organization in terms of economic conditions, their competitors, and their customers. Planners must then attempt to forecast future conditions. These forecasts form the basis for planning. Planners must establish objectives, which are statements of what needs to be achieved and when. Planners must then identify alternative courses of action for achieving objectives. After evaluating the various alternatives, planners must make decisions about the best courses of action for achieving objectives. They must then formulate necessary steps and ensure effective implementation of plans. Finally, planners must constantly evaluate the success of their plans and take corrective action when necessary. For example: To guide their employees To achieve their goals Short-term plan Organizing Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of the organization is the framework within which effort is coordinated. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an organization are generally referred to as organizational design decisions. Organizing also involves the design of individual jobs within the organization. Decisions must be made about the duties and responsibilities of individual jobs, as well as the manner in which the duties should be carried out. Decisions made about the nature of jobs within the organization are generally called job design decisions. Organizing at the level of the organization involves deciding how best to departmentalize, or cluster, jobs into departments to coordinate effort effectively. There are many different ways to departmentalize, including organizing by function, product, geography, or customer. Many larger organizations use multiple methods of departmentalization. Organizing at the level of a particular job involves how best to design individual jobs to most effectively use human resources. Traditionally, job design was based on principles of division of labor and specialization, which assumed that the more narrow the job content, the more proficient the individual performing the job could become. However, experience has shown that it is possible for jobs to become too narrow and specialized. For example, how would you like to screw lids on jars one day after another, as you might have done many decades ago if you worked in company that made and sold jellies and jams? When this happens, negative outcomes result, including decreased job satisfaction and organizational commitment, increased absenteeism, and turnover. For example: Need to be allocated to individuals on the service team. This is known as task analysis. Ensure that every task is performed effectively and efficiently. Develop an organization chart and allocating duties. Make sure that enough trained staff on duty. Inadequate staffing is a frequent cause of customer dissatisfaction. Leading Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. If managers are effective leaders, their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives. The behavioral sciences have made many contributions to understanding this function of management. Personality research and studies of job attitudes provide important information as to how managers can most effectively lead subordinates. For example, this research tells us that to become effective at leading, managers must first understand their subordinates personalities, values, attitudes, and emotions. Studies of motivation and motivation theory provide important information about the ways in which workers can be energized to put forth productive effort. Studies of communication provide direction as to how managers can effectively and persuasively communicate. Studies of leadership and leadership style provide information regarding questions, such as, What makes a manager a good leader? and In what situations are certain leadership styles most appropriate and effective? For example: Giving instructions or telling and showing people what to do. Controlling Controlling involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards. Controlling consists of three steps, which include establishing performance standards, comparing actual performance against standards, and taking corrective action when necessary. Performance standards are often stated in monetary terms such as revenue, costs, or profits but may also be stated in other terms, such as units produced, number of defective products, or levels of quality or customer service. The measurement of performance can be done in several ways, depending on the performance standards, including financial statements, sales reports, production results, customer satisfaction, and formal performance appraisals. Managers at all levels engage in the managerial function of controlling to some degree. The managerial function of controlling should not be confused with control in the behavioral or manipulative sense. This function does not imply that managers should attempt to control or to manipulate the personalities, values, attitudes, or emotions of their subordinates. Instead, this function of management concerns the managers role in taking necessary actions to ensure that the work-related activities of subordinates are consistent with and contributing toward the accomplishment of organizational and departmental objectives. Effective controlling requires the existence of plans, since planning provides the necessary performance standards or objectives. Controlling also requires a clear understanding of where responsibility for deviations from standards lies. Two traditional control techniques are budget and performance audits. An audit involves an examination and verification of records and supporting documents. A budget audit provides information about where the organization is with respect to what was planned or budgeted for, whereas a performance audit might try to determine whether the figures reported are a reflection of actual performance. Although controlling is often thought of in terms of financial criteria, managers must also control production and operations processes, procedures for delivery of services, compliance with company policies, and many other activities within the organization. The management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling are widely considered to be the best means of describing the managers job, as well as the best way to classify accumulated knowledge about the study of management. Although there have been tremendous changes in the environment faced by managers and the tools used by managers to perform their roles, managers still perform these essential functions. For example: Check that everything for they are responsible is on track. Carefully balance these functions, the controlling process. Eventually reveal that things are going wrong. ? Conclusion In my opinion, any function of manager must included four main functions, planning, organizing, leading, controlling. Even different type of manager has their own function; their main function is same with others, such as: front desk manager control his/her staff working process and eventually reveal that things are going wrong, this is same with housekeeping manager control his/her housekeeper working process if they do anything wrong, housekeeping manager must correct it. Q2. List down any dining restaurant and explain what were the operations strategy and the new challenges for future growth. Introduction The term Fine Dining brings to mind all kinds of images, from crisp white table cloths to waiters in tuxedos. Fine dining, just as the name suggests, offers patrons the finest in food, service and atmosphere. It is also the highest priced restaurant you can operate. While you may bring in mucho bucks with a fine dining restaurant you will also pay out more money than if you were running a more casual restaurant, such as a diner or caf. There are three main areas of focus with a fine dining restaurant: the menu, service and atmosphere. ? Fine Dining Restaurant Business Plan Gabris Restaurant Lounge Operations strategy: Competitive Edge: Our competitive edge is the menu, the chef, the environment, the management, the service and our friendly place! We will have an international menu and our food will be made with the freshest ingredients and produce available. The chef has an excellent taste for what fine dining is and requires. Our environment is elegant and comfortable and our decor is warm and relaxing. Great service is very important to us. The management and servers will handle every detail to make customers special evening even more special! All this and our great atmosphere will make customers want to come back again and again! Marketing Strategy The total population in New Jersey is 8,414,350 people. 615,301 people live in Monmouth County, 50% between 25-55 years old. That is the age group that dines out two to three times a week and spends an average $795 a month on food and drinks. There are 224,447 households in Monmouth County and an average 2.7 persons per household. The median family income in Monmouth County averages, $64,271/year. There are 636 registered businesses in Long Branch with 7,885 employees. We mention that there are over 200,000 Scandinavians living in New Jersey and most of them live within 30 miles of Long Branch. We will be serving some Swedish cuisine as there is no Scandinavian restaurant in New Jersey. Our primary customer base is from Long Branch, West Long Branch, Monmouth Beach, Rumson, Little Silver, Middletown, Red Bank, Shrewsbury, Deal, Eatontown, Freehold, Oceanport, Allenhurst, Asbury Park. Sales Strategy Our sales plan is to establish and maintain position with our local customers. The strategy is to build more customers in order to increase revenue. A sale in our business is client service. It is repeat business. We will focus on making all our customers happy with our food, service and entertainment options. Our strategy in the restaurant is to have an experienced staff that knows the food, wine and liquor. We will train every new employee so they will fit in with Gabris concept, which is Wonderful food, reasonably-priced wine and knowledgeable service in an outstanding atmosphere. Exit Strategy No one attempt a business anticipating failure, however sometimes ventures do not fulfill their promise. We at Gabris are committed to our concept and its viability. In the event that our venture cannot achieve profitability and retire the encumbrances; we will first attempt to sell the operation and use the proceeds to clear all outstanding balances. If we are unable to sell the operation for sufficient proceeds we will forced to default whereby the SBA loan will be in senior standing. Any further outstanding balances will be borne by the investors on a weighted percentage basis of the total amounts due in bankruptcy proceedings. New challenge for future growth Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table as annual figures. The key underlying assumptions are: ? We assume a slow-growth economy, without major recession. ? We assume that there are no unforeseen changes in the expectancy in the popularity of our restaurant. ? We assume access to investments and financing are sufficient to maintain and fulfill our financial plan as shown in the tables. General Assumptions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Plan Month 1 2 3 Current Interest Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Long-term Interest Rate 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% Tax Rate 34.58% 35.00% 34.58% Other 0 0 0 Conclusion Their strategy is simple; they intend to succeed by giving people a combination of excellent and interesting food in an environment that appeals to a wide and varied group of successful people. They will focus on maintaining quality and establishing a strong identity in their community. Their main focus in marketing will be to increase customer awareness in the surrounding communities. Their will direct all of their tactics and programs toward the goal of explaining who they are and what they do. They will keep their standards high and execute the concept so that word-of-mouth will be their main marketing force. Their will create an appealing and entertaining environment with unbeatable quality at an exceptional price. An exciting and friendly restaurant, they will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of their concept is the most critical element of their plan. All menu items are moderately priced for the area. While they are not striving to be the lowest-priced restaurant, they are aiming to be the value leader.

Creating A Just Society for Children :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

Creating A Just Society for Children News reports lately suggest that children who have been having meal with their family everyday commit less misdemeanor and crime than children who have not. According to the news report, children who have meal with their family grow up to be strong and stable mentally. They are able to adapt a society very well. Recently we see many teenagers’ committing crimes. At first glance, these teenagers seem to be average. However their actions are cruel. Those children are suffering from the influence of their environment that they have been brought up in, and can not solve their problems by themselves. Some of them are trying to ask their parents help, but the parents do not take it seriously or misunderstand it. Some parents try to solve the problem by supplying everything children need. It is difficult to foster a good environment through material things only. A good spiritual home is also important. I wonder how we can create a just society not for children but a lso for all and whether the day-care is really important for children or not. The case of the article about the okinawan, which we discussed in the class, is a very sensitive topic. In Japan, there is a tendency that mothers always stay next to their baby and take care of them very well. Even when they go to bed, they take the baby to their bed and let him or her sleep next to them. On the other hand, in the United States, the parents let their baby sleep on the baby’s bed. When the baby is born, they give a room to their baby. Some parents let a babysitter take care of their baby. While the babysitter is taking care of the baby, the parents are working or going somewhere. For some parents, having a babysitter is very helpful. They are able to work and live financially independent. They also have more time for themselves instead of taking care of their baby. However, there is a problem about letting the babysitter take care of the baby. The problem is whether the babysitter takes care of the baby properly or not. I have seen a lot of news on the TV.

I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings: Chapter 25 Notes :: essays research papers

Chapter 25 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this chapter, Maya and Bailey are introduced to the idea of being moved to California, this being because of Bailey’s incident with a murdered black man. 2.a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this chapter Maya Angelou gives us some more insight on Mamma’s character, she establishes the reason for Mamma’s secretive and over-protective nature â€Å"Her African-bush secretiveness and suspiciousness had been compounded by slavery and confirmed by centuries of promises made and promises broken. We have a saying among Black Americans, which explains Mamma’s caution. ‘ If you ask a Negro where he’s been, he’ll tell you where he’s going’† (Angelou 164). In this paragraph Maya Angelou lets us know why Negroes at that time were so shielding of their privacy and how this related to Mamma telling them a ‘part truth’ to cover up the ‘real truth’ for them being sent away. Maya effectively develops Mamma through the situation that occurred when Bailey came home in horror â€Å" ‘ When I passed the calaboose, some men had just fished him out of the pond. He was wrappe d in a sheet, all rolled up like a mummy, and then a white man walked over and pulled the sheet off. The man was on his back but the white man struck his foot under the sheet and rolled him over on the stomach.’† (Angelou 167). Mamma’s instinct told her to get those kids out of there, no child should have to witness the atrocity of a murdered body. â€Å" Whatever the real reason, The Truth, for taking us to California, I shall always think it lay mostly in an incident in which Bailey had the leading part† (Angelou 165). Mamma’s action to get the children away solidifies the readers faith in her as being a strong, powerful and caring individual. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A story that illustrates life in those times is Bailey’s incident by the river. This illustrates the racism and unfairness against Negroes, and the senseless violence against them. â€Å"Then a white man walked over and pulled the sheet off. The man was on his back but the white man stuck his foot under the sheet and rolled him over on the stomach†¦ My, he had no color at all. He was bloated like a ball.† (Angelou 167) Any white person could kill a black person, and instead of being punished they were congratulated and given encouragement. Also, the black people had become desensitized so seeing their own people murdered since it was a frequent occurrence.

The notes of a confused college student

To encourage students to evolve their analytical skills. To enable students to: Define key concepts In the study of history Identify major factors shaping the development of the US Recognize causes and consequences of major changes in US history Cite key examples of major historical trends and patterns Discriminate between causal factors of primary importance and secondary importance. Evaluation 4 Exams will be given, each worth 15 points These exams will be multiple-choice in nature.The lowest grade will be dropped. This option makes make-up exams a rare exception) Daily quizzes will be given using the I-clicker, worth 10 total points Questions will be drawn from various sources If you attend class regularly these will be easy points 2 Primary source Analysis castles will be given, worth 5. (10 points toward total) These assignments will be group activities completed in class. The readings will be posted on Blackboard and each student will be responsible for their completion.On he d ay of the AS, you will come to class prepared to contribute to the group. Make- up Saga's will be given only on rare occasions. 2 Reading quizzes will be given, each worth 10 points These quizzes will be given In-class In conjunction with you readings of Bell and Moody. These quizzes will be written and will reflect your analysis of these readings. Text book readings will be worth 20 points total Once a week you will complete a reading assignment using the online connect.

Jebel Ali

Hatem Abou-Reeda JEBEL ALI RESEARCH Jebel Ali is a port town located 35 kilometers southwest of the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The village has a thriving expatriate community with over 300 residents. Port Jebel Ali was constructed in the late 1970s to supplement the facilities at Port Rashid. The village of Jebel Ali was constructed for port workers. Covering over 134 square kilometers (52 sq mi), Port Jebel Ali is the biggest man-made harbor in the world and the biggest Middle East port.Port Jebel Ali covers over one million square meters of container yard. It also contains space for medium- and long-term general cargo storage, including seven Dutch barns with a total of almost 19 thousand square meters and 12 covered sheds covering with 90. 5 square meters. Port Jebel Ali also consists of 960 thousand square meters of open storage. Jebel Ali is home to over five thousand companies from 120 countries of the world . With 67 berths. Jebel Ali Port was ranked 7th in the world’s largest ports in 2007.Jebel Ali port is managed by state-owned Dubai Ports World. Jebel Ali Port have been ranked as 9th in Top Container Port Worldwide having handled 7. 62 million TEUs in 2005, which represents a 19% increase in throughput, over 2004. The expansion of Jebel Ali port commenced in 2001, which is the master plan of the port. The stage one was completed in 2007, which has increased the storage and handling capacity by 2. 2 million TEUs and a Quay length of 1,200m. The entire project includes 2. kilometers of new berths. The Palm Jebel Ali is an artificial archipelago in Dubai, United Arab Emirates which began construction in October 2002, was originally planned to be completed by mid 2008 and has been on hold since. The port of Jebel Ali has become the port most frequently visited by ships of the United States Navy outside the United States. USS Ronald Reagan In port Jebel Ali. Emma Maersk was the largest cargo ship ever built berthed in Jebel Ali. Jeb el Ali Terminal 2.